BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the past-year prevalence rates and behavioral correlates of co-ingestion of prescription opioids and other drugs among high school seniors in the United States. METHODS: Nationally representative probability samples of high school seniors in the United States were surveyed as a part of the Monitoring the Future… Continue reading Co-ingestion of prescription opioids and other drugs among high school seniors: results from a national study
Keyword: Cross-Sectional Studies
Is neighborhood racial/ethnic composition associated with depressive symptoms? The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
The racial/ethnic composition of a neighborhood may be related to residents' depressive symptoms through differential levels of neighborhood social support and/or stressors. We used the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to investigate cross-sectional associations of neighborhood racial/ethnic composition with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale in adults aged 45-84. The key exposure was a census-derived… Continue reading Is neighborhood racial/ethnic composition associated with depressive symptoms? The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Thirty-day prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)
IMPORTANCE: Although high rates of current mental disorder are known to exist in the US Army, little is known about the proportions of these disorders that had onsets prior to enlistment. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportions of 30-day DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed US Army personnel with first onsets prior to enlistment and the extent… Continue reading Thirty-day prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)
Decision-making processes for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening: The DECISIONS survey
Background. Patients should understand the risks and benefits of cancer screening in order to make informed screening decisions. Objectives. To evaluate the extent of informed decision making in patient-provider discussions for colorectal (CRC), breast (BrCa), and prostate (PCa) cancer screening. Setting. National sample of US adults identified by random-digit dialing. Design. Cross-sectional survey conducted between… Continue reading Decision-making processes for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening: The DECISIONS survey
Changes in the built environment and changes in the amount of walking over time: longitudinal results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Lack of longitudinal research hinders causal inference on the association between the built environment and walking. In the present study, we used data from 6,027 adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who were 45-84 years of age at baseline to investigate the association of neighborhood built environment with trends in the amount of walking… Continue reading Changes in the built environment and changes in the amount of walking over time: longitudinal results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence: reconsidering the role of chronic stress
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between anticipatory stress, also known as racism-related vigilance, and hypertension prevalence in Black, Hispanic, and White adults. METHODS: We used data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study, a population-representative sample of adults (n = 3105) surveyed in 2001 to 2003, to regress hypertension prevalence on the interaction between race/ethnicity… Continue reading Racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence: reconsidering the role of chronic stress
Racial and ethnic differences in the association between obesity and depression in women
BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that obesity and depression are positively related in women. Very little prior research, however, has examined potential variation in this relationship across different racial/ethnic groups. This paper examines the association between obesity and depression in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican American women. METHODS: The sample included women aged 20… Continue reading Racial and ethnic differences in the association between obesity and depression in women
Degree of Disability and Patterns of Caregiving among Older Americans with Congestive Heart Failure
Although congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common condition, the extent of disability and caregiving needs for those with CHF are unclear. We sought to determine: (1) prevalence of physical disability and geriatric conditions, (2) whether CHF is independently associated with disability, (3) rates of nursing home admission, and (4) formal and informal in-home care… Continue reading Degree of Disability and Patterns of Caregiving among Older Americans with Congestive Heart Failure
Identifying the poorest older Americans
OBJECTIVES: Public policies target a subset of the population defined as poor or needy, but rarely are people poor or needy in the same way. This is particularly true among older adults. This study investigates poverty among older adults in order to identify who among them is financially worst off. METHODS: We use 20 years… Continue reading Identifying the poorest older Americans
Perceived risk of cancer and patient reports of participation in decisions about screening: The DECISIONS study
Background. Health behavior theories suggest that high perceived risk for cancer will be associated with screening, but few studies have examined how perceived risk relates to the screening decision process. Objective. To examine relationships between perceived risk of cancer and behaviors during decision making for 3 screening tests. Design. Cross-sectional survey conducted between November 2006… Continue reading Perceived risk of cancer and patient reports of participation in decisions about screening: The DECISIONS study