The health-damaging potential of new types of flexible employment is discussed. Flexible employment has been mooted as a prerequisite for economic competition and also as a solution to current high unemployment rates. The growth of atypical employment or underemployment has been conspicuous among the different types of flexibility. However, these types of employment not only have reduced job security, but they are also likely to share some of the unfavorable characteristics of unemployment. They therefore must have associated adverse health effects. However, current evidence is scare, and research in this area needs be expanded.