King Hassan's rule of Morocco began in 1961, ran through the period of the research reported in this volume, in the early and mid-1970s, and lasted until the king's death at the age of 70 in 1999. Hassan faced many challenges during his long reign. These included large-scale and sustained public protests and two unsuccessful military coups, both of which occurred in the early 1970s. But Hassan was clever and resourceful, surviving challenges and maintaining popular support through a variety of strategies and actions. These included the projection of religious authority, the use of patronage, repression when it was deemed necessary, and the skillful use of domestic and international policy initiatives. Receptivity to contact with Israel was in the latter category, as was Hassan's self-proclaimed leadership in protecting Morocco's Jewish community. Hassan's relative openness to connections with Israel and his concern for Morocco's Jews were not necessarily insincere or solely strategic, but the benefits of these positions, particularly with regard to relations with the United States, were nonetheless part of the king's political calculus. Against this background, the chapter describes the many meetings that Hassan and Moroccan officials had with Israelis, sometimes in very public settings; considers connections between the situation of Morocco's Jewish community and Hassan's attitude toward Israel; and assesses the significance of Moroccan-Israeli contacts for the Arab-Israeli conflict. Finally, the chapter looks in detail at the nature and implications of Moroccan-American relations, as these varied and evolved over the course of Hassan's 38-year reign.