Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders experienced during late life. A life course perspective provides a useful frame to understand depressive patterns, highlighting pivotal periods of mental health vulnerability during important age-linked life stages. Research on Blacks during late life commonly treats Blacks as a monolithic group, diminishing the returns that a life course perspective can offer and perhaps masking within-group variations. This chapter provides a review of the extant literature on depression prevalence and depressive symptoms among African Americans and US- and foreign-born Caribbean Blacks with a focus on the late-life period. We conduct an analysis of lifetime major depressive episode, lifetime major depressive disorder, and depressive symptoms for each group globally and disaggregated by gender. The results show variations in prevalence rates and symptom patterns for each group as well as interactions between ethnicity, nativity, and gender. Findings illustrate the importance of targeted and tailored research, practice, and policy that can accommodate the variations within aging Black subgroups and their changing patterns of mental health vulnerability and advantage over the adult life course.