Two experiments investigated the effects of vicarious control (Exp I) and time delay (Exp II) on psychological reactance in 96 15-17 yr old German secondary school students. Ss' freedom to choose 1 of 4 records as a present was threatened by the unavailability of 2 of the 4 choices. Changes in attractiveness were assessed as… Continue reading When reactance effects persist despite restoration of freedom: Investigations of time delay and vicarious control