Little is known about patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who undergo chronic life-sustaining procedures. We sought to explore variations in treatment, Medicare payments, and mortality among elderly patients with ICH who received a feeding tube, a tracheostomy, or neither chronic life-sustaining procedure. Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files from 2004 linked to Center for Medicaid… Continue reading Acute care and long-term mortality among elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who undergo chronic life-sustaining procedures
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Social connectedness and disease transmission: social organization, cohesion, village context, and infection risk in rural Ecuador
Social networks are typically seen as conduits for the spread of disease and disease risk factors. However, social relationships also reduce the incidence of chronic disease and potentially infectious diseases. Seldom are these opposing effects considered simultaneously. We have shown how and why diarrheal disease spreads more slowly to and in rural Ecuadorian villages that… Continue reading Social connectedness and disease transmission: social organization, cohesion, village context, and infection risk in rural Ecuador
After-school setting, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in 5th grade boys and girls
After-school hours are considered critical for children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB); however, whether the after-school setting influences children's activity patterns is unknown. This study examined the influence of after-school setting (i.e., parent report of the child's usual after-school setting) on 5th grade children's PA and SB, and differences by race/ethnicity. Boys whose… Continue reading After-school setting, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in 5th grade boys and girls
An eating disorder randomized clinical trial and attrition: profiles and determinants of dropout
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether differential treatment effects in the targeted mechanisms of change and eating disorder (ED) symptoms are associated with patterns of attrition from a RCT. METHOD: The main study was a RCT of a psychotherapy designed to alter the non-weight related self-cognitions as the means to promote recovery and health… Continue reading An eating disorder randomized clinical trial and attrition: profiles and determinants of dropout
Chemotherapy was not associated with cognitive decline in older adults with breast and colorectal cancer: findings from a prospective cohort study
OBJECTIVES: This study tested 2 hypotheses: (1) chemotherapy increases the rate of cognitive decline in breast and colorectal cancer patients beyond what is typical of normal aging and (2) chemotherapy results in systematic cognitive declines when compared with breast and colorectal cancer patients who did not receive chemotherapy. SUBJECTS: Data came from personal interviews with… Continue reading Chemotherapy was not associated with cognitive decline in older adults with breast and colorectal cancer: findings from a prospective cohort study
Triggers of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism
BACKGROUND: The rate of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasing in the United States. Although predictors of hospital-acquired VTE are well-known, triggers of VTE before hospitalization are not as clearly defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate triggers of hospitalization for VTE. METHODS AND RESULTS: A case-crossover study was conducted. Subjects were… Continue reading Triggers of hospitalization for venous thromboembolism
Socioeconomic status and substance use among young adults: a comparison across constructs and drugs
OBJECTIVE: Little consensus exists regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and substance use. This study examined the associations of three indicators of family SES during childhood–income, wealth, and parental education–with smoking, alcohol use, and marijuana use during young adulthood. METHOD: Data were obtained from the national Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a survey of… Continue reading Socioeconomic status and substance use among young adults: a comparison across constructs and drugs
The design and conduct of clinical trials to limit missing data
This article summarizes recommendations on the design and conduct of clinical trials of a National Research Council study on missing data in clinical trials. Key findings of the study are that (a) substantial missing data is a serious problem that undermines the scientific credibility of causal conclusions from clinical trials; (b) the assumption that analysis… Continue reading The design and conduct of clinical trials to limit missing data
A shrinkage approach for estimating a treatment effect using intermediate biomarker data in clinical trials
In clinical trials, a biomarker (S ) that is measured after randomization and is strongly associated with the true endpoint (T) can often provide information about T and hence the effect of a treatment (Z ) on T. A useful biomarker can be measured earlier than T and cost less than T. In this article,… Continue reading A shrinkage approach for estimating a treatment effect using intermediate biomarker data in clinical trials
Vascular cognitive impairment: disease mechanisms and therapeutic implications
The prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is likely to increase as the population ages and cardiovascular disease survival improves. We provide an overview of the definition and disease mechanisms of VCI and present a systematic literature review of the current evidence for the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies used to treat the VCI symptoms of… Continue reading Vascular cognitive impairment: disease mechanisms and therapeutic implications