Conflict abounds in social life. Most conflicts, however, do not escalate into serious acts of aggression or violence because people control their aggressive impulses. Self-control, defined as the ability to inhibit unwanted impulses to remain in line with social standards for desirable behavior, may therefore represent a crucial factor in preventing revenge. Blending theoretical perspectives from the aggression and self-control literatures, the proposed research sheds light on who is at risk for behaving antisocially, when antisocial behaviors are most likely to occur, and how metabolic, psychological, and hemodynamic processes help explain why people engage in antisocial behaviors. It also focuses on how to increase prosocial behavior.