The late twentieth century saw the greatest experiment in democracy in human history. Freedom House estimates that as of 2011, 115 of the world?s 194 countries were electoral democracies, approximately double the number of democracies just two decades earlier (Freedom House 2011). The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) project is especially well positioned to study this unprecedented wave of democratization. The current proposal seeks support to complete the activities of the fourth module of the CSES, and to plan and design the fifth module. The proposal encompasses the coordination and leadership of the social science research efforts of approximately 60 nations.