How does the cultural environment influence human psychological and behavioral processes and brain mechanisms? We believe that this question is now tractable, both empirically and theoretically, by integrating several cutting-edge research findings in human and life science from disciplines including anthropology, socio-cultural psychology, neuroscience, developmental psychology, population genetics, and molecular biology. In particular, three relatively recent developments in research in diverse fields can inform one another. By bringing in top experts from each of these areas of research we expect to be able to foster a transformation of research on culture, mind, and brain.