This essay uses data from fifty-four surveys conducted in seventeen Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries to test hypotheses about determinants of attitudes toward gender equality. Independent variables include personal religiosity, views about political Islam, interpersonal trust, political trust, and individual economic circumstance. Hypotheses are tested separately for respondents grouped by sex, educational level, and age cohort, taken together. Key findings are: (1) while support for political Islam consistently is inversely related to support for gender equality, personal religiosity is not associated with views about gender equality for a majority of respondent categories; (2) while level of political trust rarely is associated with views about gender equality, low interpersonal trust is associated with greater support for gender equality among men, regardless of age and educational level, but very rarely among women; and (3) favorable economic circumstance is related to greater support for gender equality only among older individuals.