In-depth case studies were conducted of 7 state mass screening programs for low-income and uninsured populations participating in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) in order to investigate the strategies and approaches being used to secure diagnostic and treatment services. Results suggest that the program relies on a patchwork of resources to provide diagnostic and treatment services. Public health disease-screening initiatives need to reconsider the feasibility of continued reliance on case-by-case appeals to the local safety net for diagnostic follow-up and treatment services.