Resistance is a form of protection against real or imagined change; this shows itself in aggressive attitudes towards the administration, in pretended submissiveness, or in sloppy effort. It may be caused by inadequate information, by attempts to defend oneself and justify previous efforts, by fear of the novel, or by efforts at defending present practise. It may be avoided by encouraging (1) participation in discovering the need for change, (2) free discussion of obstacles, and (3) group planning to effect these changes.